Every CDL driver must be medically qualified under 49 CFR 391.41, certified by an approved medical examiner. As the employer, you’re responsible for making sure each driver’s certificate is current and on file. Here’s what that involves.
What the medical certificate requires
- medical_servicesCertified medical examinerThe DOT physical must be performed by an examiner listed on the FMCSA National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners.
- badgeMedical Examiner’s CertificateA qualified driver receives a Medical Examiner’s Certificate (Form MCSA-5876), valid for up to 24 months — shorter if a condition needs monitoring.
- how_to_regSelf-certification & CDLISCDL drivers self-certify their operating category with the state and submit the certificate; the med-cert status then appears on the CDLIS driving record.
- folder_sharedKeep current certification on fileA driver may not operate with an expired medical certificate. Track expiration dates and keep the current certificate in the Driver Qualification file.
- health_and_safetyConditions, variances & short cardsCertain conditions (vision, diabetes, blood pressure, and others) may require exemptions or a shorter certification period rather than the full 24 months.
- checklistPart of driver qualificationMedical qualification under 49 CFR 391.41 is a core hiring requirement, alongside the application, MVR, and road test.
Note: This page summarizes DOT medical qualification for general guidance and is not legal or medical advice. Rules and forms change — confirm current requirements at fmcsa.dot.gov or with qualified counsel.
How it fits into hiring
Medical qualification is one required piece of the driver’s file, alongside the 391.21 application, MVR, and road test. The current Medical Examiner’s Certificate is retained in the Driver Qualification file. See where it falls in the full hiring process and the onboarding checklist.
Frequently asked questions
How long is a DOT medical card valid?
A Medical Examiner’s Certificate is valid for up to 24 months, but the examiner may issue a shorter period when a medical condition needs to be monitored.
Who can perform a DOT physical?
Only a medical examiner listed on the FMCSA National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners can perform the exam and issue the certificate.
Where does the medical certificate go?
The current certificate is kept in the driver’s Driver Qualification file (49 CFR 391.51). CDL drivers also submit it to their state licensing agency so it appears on the CDLIS record.
What happens if a driver’s medical card expires?
The driver is no longer medically qualified and must not operate a commercial motor vehicle until they are re-examined and recertified.